Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

This nursing cheatsheet will help you learn about Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), a critical cardiovascular condition. ACS encompasses a spectrum that includes Unstable Angina, non-ST segment elevation myocardial ischemia (NSTEMI), and ST segment elevation myocardial ischemia (STEMI), each representing different levels of ischemia and oxygen demand to the heart​​. Key symptoms of ACS include chest pain, which varies in presentation between males and females, and can be assessed using the OLDCARTS – P method, which considers factors like onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating and relieving factors, treatment, severity, and prior history. Diagnostic tests for ACS include a 12-lead EKG and cardiac enzymes​​​​. Therapeutically, the traditional approach (MONA: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin) has evolved. For example, morphine is used cautiously, particularly in cases of STEMI, and nitroglycerin is used carefully in STEMI due to risks of drug-induced hypotension and worsening ischemia. Management strategies differ based on the specific type of ACS, ranging from observation and medication management in NSTEMI to urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in STEMI cases​​. Nursing care in ACS emphasizes understanding EKG rhythms, ensuring proper perfusion, and prioritizing care based on the severity of symptoms and diagnostic findings​​. Patient education is also crucial, with an emphasis on seeking immediate medical attention for any chest pain.