Acute Kidney Injury Pathochart

This nursing cheatsheet will help you learn about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), a critical condition marked by sudden kidney failure or damage. AKI progresses through four phases: onset, oliguric, diuretic, and recovery. The onset phase is characterized by a noticeable decrease in urine output, which is a key early indicator. In the oliguric phase, urine output drops significantly (less than 400 mL/day), and patients exhibit symptoms like azotemia (buildup of nitrogenous waste), electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, peripheral and pulmonary edema, and possibly signs of infection​​. Nursing care for AKI focuses on managing fluid and electrolytes, ensuring adequate perfusion to the kidneys, and treating the underlying cause. This could be prerenal (issues with blood flow to the kidneys), intrarenal (direct kidney damage), or postrenal (obstructions affecting urine flow). Treatment often includes fluid restriction, diuretics, and potentially dialysis. Monitoring and balancing electrolytes, especially potassium and sodium, are crucial due to the life-threatening risks of imbalances​​. Early detection and treatment of AKI are vital to prevent permanent kidney damage and transition to chronic kidney disease. Understanding these phases and symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and optimal patient outcomes