A 70-year-old client has been diagnosed with osteoporosis after undergoing a bone mineral density test. When reviewing the results of the test, the nurse explains to the client that the T score is which of the following?

• The level of calcium found in a particular bone in the body
• The amount of radiation used with the test
• The amount of bone density compared to that of a healthy 30-year-old
• The test results of the DEXA scan, expressed in mg/mL

A client with osteoporosis asks the nurse why it is important to take vitamin D. Which response by the nurse is correct?

• Vitamin D minimizes the risk of kidney stones
• Vitamin D improves the absorption of calcium
• Vitamin D helps prevent constipation from increased calcium intake
• Vitamin D reduces excretion of calcium in the kidneys

A client is being seen for follow-up care after surgery for a fracture in which an external fixation device was placed. What is the most important part of the assessment?

• Clean and thoroughly dry the skin under the traction
• Assure that the traction weights hang freely
• Monitor the pin sites for signs of infection
• Ensure that nothing touches the outside of the fixation device

A nurse is caring for a client who has suffered a fracture to the humerus after falling on their outstretched arm. The ends of the bone were driven into each other during the fall. This type of fracture is best described as which of the following?

• Comminuted fracture
• Impacted fracture
• Oblique fracture
• Greenstick fracture

A client was in a motor vehicle accident in which he suffered a traumatic fracture in his lower leg. The nurse knows that the client is at risk for a fat embolism. What are signs and symptoms for the nurse to look for that indicate fat embolism syndrome (FES)? Select all that apply.

• Tachycardia
• Respiratory distress
• Renal dysfunction
• Low body temperature
• Upper body petechiae

A 68-year-old client suffers from rheumatoid arthritis in the joints of her arms, legs, and hands. The doctor has prescribed oral corticosteroid treatment for the client’s condition. Which information should the nurse include about how this medication works to treat arthritis?

• Corticosteroids counteract many neurotransmitters secreted by the brain
• Corticosteroids prevent the body from releasing the stress hormone cortisol
• Corticosteroids decrease prostaglandin levels that affect inflammation
• Corticosteroids stimulate opioid receptors to increase pain control

A nurse is educating a client about osteoarthritis and how best to manage the condition at home. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates that more teaching is necessary?

• I am going to quit smoking because it will help with my disease
• I play football, but I am going to switch to walking instead
• I'm going to work on losing weight
• I can sit at my computer and perform my data entry job like I usually do

The nurse is caring for a client with a new left leg cast. The client reports increased pain to the affected leg. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for the nurse to implement while caring for this client? Select all that apply.

• Elevate the client’s left leg on two pillows
• Perform neurovascular checks every 4 hours
• Administer Morphine 2 mg every 4 hours PRN
• Apply ice to the client’s left leg for one hour
• Encourage the client to increase ambulation

A nurse is examining a client with an obvious deformity of the forearm. Which of the following should the nurse include in the focused assessment? Select all that apply.

• Breath sounds clear
• Alert and oriented x4
• Skin is pink, warm, dry
• Capillary refill less than 3 seconds
• Positive radial pulses

The nurse receives a client in the emergency room with an obvious deformity of the left leg. What is the first thing the nurse should do?

• Check a pedal pulse
• Check a capillary refill
• Get an X-Ray
• Ask the client to wiggle their toes