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Overview
- White Blood Cells
- Normal Value Range
- Pathophysiology
- Special considerations
- Abnormal values (high)
- Abnormal values (low)
Nursing Points
General
- Normal value range
- WBC
- 4500-10000/mcL
- Differential
- Neutrophils
- 40-60%
- Bands
- 3-5%
- >8% indicates signal to WBC for more production
- Infection or inflammation is severe
- 3-5%
- Eosinophils
- 1-4%
- Basophils
- 0.5-1%
- Lymphocytes
- 20-40%
- Monocytes
- 2-8%
- Neutrophils
- WBC
- Pathophysiology
- WBC
- Formed in the bone marrow
- Responsible for responding to foreign invaders
- Creating antibodies (immunity)
- Phagocytosis (eating bacteria or fungi)
- Multiple types with different purposes
- Neutrophils –
- inflammation and first response to invader
- Eosinophils –
- Inflammation
- Allergic response
- Parasites
- Basophils
- Inflammation
- Allergic response
- Lymphocytes
- Create antibodies
- Recognize antigens
- Destroy cells
- T Cells
- B Cells
- Natural Killer cells
- Monocytes
- Macrophages
- Engulf and destroy invaders
- Indicative of infection
- Macrophages
- Neutrophils –
- WBC
- Special considerations
- Lavender top tube
- Will commonly be submitted for Complete Blood Count with differential
- Abnormal lab values
- Increased White Blood Cell count (leukocytosis)
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Trauma/Stress
- Pregnancy
- Asthma
- Allergic Reaction
- Decreased lab values (leukopenia)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)/Rheumatoid arthritis
- Cancers
- Chemotherapy/Radiation
- Medications
- Neutropenic precautions
- Masks
- Gloves
- Wash hands
- Consider yourself infectious
- Prevent spread of infection to the patient
- Neutropenic precautions
- Increased White Blood Cell count (leukocytosis)
Assessment
- Consider the overall WBC count plus abnormalities in differential
- Evaluate patient
- Signs or symptoms of:
- Trauma
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Signs or symptoms of:
- Evaluate patient
Therapeutic Management
- Antibiotic therapies where indicated by infection (followed by cultures to determine efficacy of antibiotics)
- Anti-inflammatories for inflammation
- Provide neutropenic precautions when necessary
Nursing Concepts
- Lab Values
- Infection Control
Patient Education
- Educate patient on the finishing any antibiotics completely. Do not stop prior, even if the patient says they are feeling better.

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Transcript

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