<h3>Overview</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Overgrowth of cells → Mass in brain tissue
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Per Monro-Kellie Hypothesis:
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Increased ICP</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Compresses brain tissue</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">May grow unnoticed until disturbing symptoms
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">General symptoms may be ignored</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Nursing Points</h3>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">General</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Benign = noncancerous</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Malignant = cancerous
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Primary = originates in brain</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Secondary = originates elsewhere, metastasizes to brain</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Risk Factors
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Genetics + Environment</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ionizing Radiation exposure</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Head Injury</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diagnostics
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Rule out other causes of symptoms</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">CT scan before MRI</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">May scan rest of body first to look for other primary tumors</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Tumor biopsy</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Assessment</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Global symptoms
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Headaches</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Seizures</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Altered LOC</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Location-Specific Symptoms
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Frontal
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Personality changes</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Mood Changes</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Memory Loss</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Drowsiness</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Paralysis</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Temporal
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Hearing loss</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dysphasia / Aphasia</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Parietal
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Sensory loss</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dysphasia / Aphasia</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Difficulty interpreting surroundings </li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Occipital
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Vision Changes</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Difficulty identifying objects</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Cerebellar
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Loss of balance / coordination</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Nausea/ Vomiting</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Brainstem
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Loss of temp regulation</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Respiratory difficulty</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Dysphagia</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Possible Complications
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Seizures</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Neuro Changes</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Herniation (Cushing’s Triad)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Pituitary Gland Damage
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">“Master Gland”</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Diabetes Insipidus = Lack of ADH secretion
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Massive diuresis</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Therapeutic Management</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Medications
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Chemotherapy / Radiation</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Antiepileptic Drugs
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Phenytoin (Dilantin)</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Levetiracetam (Keppra)</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Corticosteroids
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Decrease inflammation</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Antiemetics</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Craniotomy
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">To remove tumor if possible</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Risky</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Post-Op
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Intubated, sedated</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Neuro checks q1h</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Follow-up scans to monitor bleeding/swelling</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 style="padding-left: 30px;">Nursing Concepts</h4>
<ol style="padding-left: 60px;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Intracranial Regulation / Cognition
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Frequent neuro checks</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Seizure precautions
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Padded side rails</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Ativan at bedside</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Give antiepileptic meds</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Safety
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">ABC’s
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Airway protection if brainstem involvement</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Measures to minimize ICP</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Coping
<ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Personality changes hard for family</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">High mortality in glioblastoma</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">High chance of residual deficits</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3>Patient Education</h3>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Importance of taking antiepileptic meds</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Purpose of seizure precautions</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Post-Op considerations after craniotomy</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Plan of care &amp; safety issues</li>
</ol>

Med-Surg | Neuro

neuro-03-05-brain-tumors

03.05 Brain Tumors

The Neuro course will break down the most important things you need to know about the brain and nervous system! This is literally the command center for the whole body – so if anything goes wrong with the command center, all the other functions will be affected! We will walk you through how to assess the neuro system as well as how to identify and manage the most common and most important Neuro disorders. We take the overwhelm out of major diseases like Stroke and Seizures, and help you understand how to keep these patients safe, no matter their condition.

Jon Haws

Nichole Weaver

neuro-00-01-course-introduction

00.01 Neuro Course Introduction

0 – Neuro Introduction

neuro-01-01-module-intro

01.01 Neuro A&P Module Intro

neuro-01-02-anatomy

01.02 Neuro Anatomy

neuro-01-03-impulse-transmission

01.03 Impulse Transmission

neuro-01-04-cerebral-metabolism

01.04 Cerebral Metabolism

neuro-01-05-blood-brain-barrier

01.05 Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

1 – Neurological Anatomy & Physiology

neuro-02-01-module-intro

02.01 Neuro Assessment Module Intro

neuro-02-02-levels-of-consciousness

02.02 Levels of Consciousness (LOC)

neuro-02-03-routine-neuro-assessments

02.03 Routine Neuro Assessments

neuro-02-04-adjunct-neuro-assessments

02.04 Adjunct Neuro Assessments

neuro-02-05-brain-death-v-comatose

02.05 Brain Death v. Comatose

neuro-02-06-intracranial-pressure-icp

Intracranial Pressure ICP

neuro-02-07-cerebral-perfusion-pressure-cpp

02.07 Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPP

2 – Neurological Assessment

neuro-03-01-module-intro

03.01 Neuro Disorders Module Intro

multiple-sclerosis-ms

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

myasthenia-gravis

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Myasthenia Gravis

03-04-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-parkinsons

03.04 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Parkinsons

encephalopathies

Encephalopathies

neuro-03-07-miscellaneous-nerve-disorders

03.07 Miscellaneous Nerve Disorders

03-09-tension-and-cluster-headaches

03.09 Tension and Cluster Headaches

03-08-migraines

03.08 Migraines

3 – Neurological Disorders

neuro-04-01-module-intro

04.01 Stroke (CVA) Module Intro

hemorrhagic-stroke-cva

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Hemorrhagic Stroke (CVA)

04-03-nursing-care-and-pathophysiology-for-ischemic-stroke-cva

04.03 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Ischemic Stroke (CVA)

neuro-04-04-assessment

04.04 Stroke Assessment (CVA)

neuro-04-05-therapeutic-management

04.05 Stroke Therapeutic Management (CVA)

neuro-04-06-nursing-care

04.06 Stroke Nursing Care (CVA)

4 – Stroke

neuro-05-01-module-intro

05.01 Seizures Module Intro

neuro-05-02-causes

05.02 Seizure Causes (Epilepsy, Generalized)

neuro-05-03-assessment

05.03 Seizure Assessment

neuro-05-04-therapeutic-management

05.04 Seizure Therapeutic Management

seizure

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Seizure

5 –  Seizures

neuro-06-01-module-intro

06.01 Neuro Trauma Module Intro

fractures

Fractures

spinal-cord-injury

Spinal Cord Injury

meningitis

Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Meningitis

6 – Neuro Trauma & Infection

neuro

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to&#8230;
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Discuss the macro and micro anatomy of the nervous system.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Explain the basics of impulse transmission within the nervous system.</li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Discuss the important aspects of cerebral metabolism and their implications for nursing care of neuro patients. </li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;">Describe the physiology of the blood brain barrier and discuss two real-world applications of its importance.</li>
</ol>

01.01 Neuro A&#038;P Module Intro

01.01 Neuro A&P Module Intro

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Med-Surg | Neuro

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