Assess for bladder distention to suggest fluid retention

Observe for signs of hypertension and infection. Urinary retention may lead to infection which can be evidenced by fever. Fluid retention puts stress on the kidneys and heart and may increase blood pressure and heart rate.

Monitor frequency of urination and volume, paying attention to characteristics of urine. Dark, malodorous or bloody urine may indicate further complications.

Recommend 3000 mL fluid daily to promote flushing and circulation of fluid through kidneys, bladder and ureters.

• PSA- a protein produced by the prostate. Elevations in this blood test may indicate enlargement or inflammation of the prostate.
• DRE- this physical exam may be performed if BPH is suspected by inserting a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate and assess for abnormalities in size and shape.

• Alpha-adrenergic antagonists (tamsulosin) – relaxes the smooth muscle of the prostate to allow optimal urine flow
• Antispasmodics-  (oxybutynin) relieves muscle spasms that restrict the urethra
• Antibiotics/antibacterials- may be given prophylactically as indicated to prevent bacterial infection

Indwelling catheter may be required to bypass the prostate and allow urine to flow freely, eliminating fluid retention in the bladder.

Excess weight can affect the hormone balance in the body. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help lower the risk of developing BPH.